Published Articles

If a nursery person tells you, he or she has no scale problems, they are lying, stupid, or just do not want to deal with it. The classic claim is, “I cannot have Japanese Maple Scale because I do not grow Japanese Maples”. Unfortunately, there are about 30 JMS host plants; not just Japanese Maples. Let’s all sit down now and have a nice calm talk about the reality of scale out in the nursery field and surrounding lands.

Even this abstract needs a disclaimer: The following is not intended to pass muster as legal advice. So to avoid a lawsuit, I make no claim for accuracy or legality. You can be held negligent in the areas of hiring, retention, supervision, and training, to name a few. Believe it or not, a company handbook can actually head off these and other potential employer/employee entanglements.

I’ve researched back to colonial days and found that ownership of the land now called Waverly Farm parcel can be traced to one of the most important families in Maryland’s history: the Carrolls. There were actually three Charles Carrolls who, from the 1600s through the 1800s, owned large parts of Maryland including the parcel eventually named Waverly Farm. There is a LOT of history in this place!

We have traditionally been aggressive with fall digging as a tactic aimed at making the chaos of the spring rush a bit less chaotic. Root balls are ‘healed in’ with an appropriate material and held until it’s time to ship them the next spring. With an abundance of fall dug material above ground, our customers are thrilled to start receiving loads in late February.

Soil erosion is common for several reasons: 1) rate of rainfall exceeds a soil’s ability to absorb it, 2) lack of vegetation, 3) compacted and or poorly drained soils limit infiltration. We cannot control the rate of rainfall, but we can control the other variables. Compacted soil can be addressed with the right tillage equipment along with compost and soil amendments.. Cover crops can keep soil from wandering, too.

Summer digging of field grown plants provides significant advantages for landscape contractors and wholesale distribution yards. ‘Just-in-time’ material sourcing delivers freshly dug material on the exact day needed, often right to the job site. With some experimentation you can devise a system for summer digging that succeeds. After 15+ years of working at it, we have successfully dug almost every plant in production, even during hot droughty weather.

In one of our irrigation experiments here, we installed soil moisture sensing stations and remote controls monitored by a flow meter. We discovered we’d been over irrigating since the beginning! You might think that more water (not over-watering) rather than less would be good for plants. Our experiment showed that less water made available precisely when the plant needs it produces a better plant.

Reinventing the wheel is bad, right? That’s what I thought. But a ten day tour of nurseries and equipment manufacturing facilities in The Netherlands and Germany caused me to redefine my understanding of “reinvent”. We value the invention of new things. Yet improving existing methods or machinery, without a patentable outcome, can be just as valuable toward improving efficiency, productivity, and comfort--all with astounding gains. This is where creative reinvention rises to the level of pure invention.

Back in 2009, I wanted to take my mind off the misery we were all enduring. My thoughts quickly drifted to horse manure. Our compost windrows produce enormous amounts of heat with sustained temperatures in the range of 145F. There had to be a way to harness that heat and use it in our plant propagation operation. Our invention, the “Propagation Hut,” has worked out pretty well.

Mycorrhizal fungal filaments in the soil act as extensions of a root system-- and are more effective in nutrient and water absorption than the roots themselves! More than 90 percent of plant species in natural areas form a symbiotic relationship with their beneficial mycorrhizal fungi. Aside from enhancing plant efficiency in absorbing water and nutrients, mycorrhizal interaction with root systems reduces fertilization and irrigation requirements.

For growers, crunching the numbers is not much fun when compared to other aspects of running a nursery business. That’s how I felt when I was just starting out. That is, until I turned financial analysis into a game. The game, simple enough, was to prepare a cash flow statement and compare the forecast with actual results each month. Then you can start doing annual forecasts. Over time, you will start to see opportunities...

Healthy soil is composed of an interconnected web of vibrant living organisms. When managed respectfully, no synthetic inputs are required. In the reverse, if we abuse healthy soil, we will end up doing stupid things to force it to cooperate with our efforts. A healthy soil ecosystem includes arthropods, bacteria, fungi, and plant roots. Working together, they provide all the nutrition needed for plants to thrive. Organic matter, not fertilizer, is the key to maintaining a healthy soil food web.

The only way a business succeeds in creating positive cash flow and profits for future investment and cash reserves is through great marketing resulting in sales. Enterprises that engage in great marketing make it through the toughest of times. Good marketing is all about your company’s ability to identify the customer, satisfy the customer, and keep the customer.

In 2021, I’ll probably dig out this list of predictions and have a good laugh: I believe energy costs will be a dominant negative force in the future--not! Perennials and branded plant lines will decline as they should. Advances in robotic equipment will transform the industry and drive future success. Those that do not adapt will fall behind. The Great Recession will have taught us to make smarter choices. We will survive. (Nailed it!)

Making your landscape soil as perfect as possible isn’t just a matter of throwing compost at it. Compost composition can vary widely, and can be either fungal or bacterial dominated. It is believed that fungal dominated soils favor the growth of woody plants and perennials while bacterial dominated soils favor the growth of food bearing plants, annuals, and grasses. So you’ve got to start with an analysis of the proposed organic matter to be incorporated.

Waverly Farm participated in a multi-year study in cooperation with the University of Maryland Extension to learn how much soil moisture is needed to support optimum plant growth in the nursery field. There is a surprising scarcity of information on this subject. We also wanted to learn more about the benefit of compost amended soils related to moisture holding capacity and therefore reduced irrigation requirements